脓肿:受感染的、发炎的、含有脓液的区域，通常由牙齿问题引起。
基牙:用牙冠支撑桥或部分义齿的牙齿或牙根。
合金:两种或两种以上金属的混合物。有几种合金用于修复牙齿:贵金属(主要是银)、高贵金属(主要是金)和“贱”金属。填充物或牙冠的成本取决于使用哪种合金。
银汞合金:一种用于充填空洞的金属合金。
基本金属:用于不含贵金属的局部或冠的金属合金。
咬翼x光片:上下牙齿的薄膜，用来检查牙齿和牙龈下的蛀牙。
修复受损牙齿的美容手术。
牙桥:一种用牙冠和牙桥代替缺失牙齿的固定装置。
蛀牙:由细菌引起的蛀牙，如果不加以治疗，会破坏牙齿。
头侧x光片:用于牙套的精确测量。
牙冠:覆盖因蛀坏而变弱的牙齿的假牙或假牙帽。
假牙:天然牙齿和周围组织的人工替代品。
诊断性照片:牙医为计划治疗而拍摄的照片，尤指牙套。
诊断铸型:用牙齿印模制成的口腔模型或“研究模型”。
牙髓学:治疗牙髓疾病和根管感染。
填充物:一种耐用的材料(金、树脂或银汞合金)，用来填塞蛀洞并防止蛀坏。
氟化物:一种化合物，用于水和牙科产品和程序，以减少蛀牙。
全口x光片:检查牙齿疾病时拍摄的12至18张胶片。齿龈:牙龈组织。
龈切开术:切除牙龈组织的外科手术。牙龈炎:引起炎症的牙龈疾病的早期阶段。
阻生牙:一颗不能正常通过牙龈的牙齿。
嵌体:一种精密铸件的充填物，通常用金或金制成，在预先准备好的型腔内进行胶结
瓷器。
错咬合:牙齿排列不正常。
嵌套:一种精密铸造的充填物，通常由金或瓷制成，覆盖牙齿的整个咀嚼面;比镶嵌物还大。
口腔外科:一种牙科专科，主要用于外科手术摘除牙齿和治疗疾病、畸形、颌部及相关结构的缺陷。
正畸:牙齿的排列，通常通过使用牙套。
骨外科:修复支撑牙齿的骨结构
因牙龈疾病而受损。
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全景x光片:一张完整的牙齿、下颚和周围骨骼的照片。局部义齿:可移动的假牙，以防止剩余的天然牙齿
改变姿势，提高咀嚼能力。
小儿牙科:一种牙科专科，仅限于治疗从出生到青春期的儿童。
带蒂软组织:移植受损牙龈组织。
根尖周x光片:单个牙齿和周围组织的特写。
牙周病:牙龈疾病。
牙周病:预防和治疗牙龈疾病。
牙周炎:一种更为严重的牙龈疾病，可导致成年人牙齿脱落。
牙菌斑:牙齿上黏稠的、几乎透明的细菌层。
桥牙:桥上用的假牙。
预防:清洁牙齿以去除牙垢、牙菌斑和牙渍。
修复学:一种牙科专科，仅限于修复天然牙齿和/或替换缺失的牙齿。
牙髓:牙齿内的活组织。
牙髓封盖术:用药物在牙齿蛀坏的地方保护牙髓和牙髓
帮助愈合。
髓切开术:将受损的牙髓部分或全部切除，以减轻疼痛。通常建议用根管来保存牙齿。
象限:嘴的四分之一。
固位:在义齿的底部添加新材料，以改善贴合性和咀嚼性
能力。
树脂填充:一种牙齿颜色的塑料材料，用来代替合金，以获得不那么明显、更自然的外观。
根管治疗:对牙髓受损的牙齿进行治疗，以阻止感染并挽救牙齿。牙髓完全取出，牙齿内部消毒并密封，防止感染。
刮治牙根:彻底清洁牙龈线以下的牙齿表面，以消除炎症和控制疾病，通常在几次就诊期间和局部麻醉下进行。
密封胶:一种涂在牙齿上防止蛀牙的塑料涂层。
牙垢:矿化的硬化斑块，不能通过刷牙和牙线清除。颞下颌关节:连接下颌和头骨的左右铰链。牙面:牙齿牙龈线以上的五个面之一。
COMMON DENTAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Abscess: an infected, inflamed area containing pus, usually caused by a problem tooth.
Abutment: a tooth or root that is fitted with a crown to support a bridge or partial denture.
Alloy: a mixture of two or more metals. Several alloys are used to repair teeth: noble (mostly silver), high noble (mostly gold) and “base” metals. The cost of a filling or crown depends on which alloy is used.
Amalgam: a metal alloy used in filling cavities.
Base metal: metal alloys used for partials or crowns which contain no precious metals.
Bitewing x-ray: films of upper and lower teeth used to check for decay between teeth and under gums.
Bonding: a cosmetic procedure that restores damaged teeth.
Bridge: a non-removable replacement for missing teeth made with crowns and pontics.
Cavity: tooth decay caused by bacteria which, if not treated, can destroy the tooth.
Cephalometric x-ray: used to make precise measurements for braces.
Crown: an artificial tooth or cap which covers a tooth weakened by decay.
Denture: an artificial substitute for natural teeth and surrounding tissues.
Diagnostic photographs: pictures taken by the dentist to plan treatment, particularly for braces.
Diagnostic cast: a mold or “study model” of the mouth made by taking an impression of the teeth.
Endodontics: the treatment of tooth pulp disease and infections of the root canal.
Filling: a durable material (gold, a resin, or amalgam) used to fill a cavity and halt decay.
Fluoride: a compound used in water and dental products and procedures to reduce tooth decay.
Full mouth x-rays: 12 to 18 films taken when needed to check on dental disease. Gingiva: gum tissue.
Gingivectomy: the surgical removal of diseased or inflamed gum tissue. Gingivitis: an early stage of gum disease that causes inflammation.
Impacted tooth: a tooth that does not come through the gum normally.
Inlay: A precision cast filling that is cemented in a prepared cavity, usually made of gold or
porcelain.
Malocclusion: an abnormal alignment of the teeth.
Onlay: a precision cast filling, usually made of gold or porcelain, covering the entire chewing surface of the tooth; larger than an inlay.
Oral surgery: a dental specialty limited to the surgical removal of teeth and the treatment of disease, deformities, and defects of the jaws and associated structures.
Orthodontics: the alignment of teeth, usually through the use of braces.
Osseous surgery: repair of the bone structure supporting the teeth that has been
damaged by gum disease.
Panoramic x-ray: a complete view of the teeth, jaws and surrounding bone on one film.
Partial denture: removable artificial teeth that keep the remaining natural teeth from
changing position and improve chewing ability.
Pediatric Dentistry: a dental specialty limited to treatment of children from birth through adolescence.
Pedicle soft tissue: graft replacement of damaged gum tissue.
Periapical x-ray: close-up of an individual tooth and the surrounding tissue.
Periodontal disease: gum disease.
Periodontics: the prevention and treatment of gum disease.
Periodontitis: a more severe gum disease that can lead to tooth loss in adults.
Plaque: a sticky, nearly clear layer of bacteria on teeth.
Pontic: an artificial tooth used in bridges.
Prophylaxis: a teeth cleaning to remove tartar, plaque and stains.
Prosthodontics: a dental specialty limited to the restoration to the natural teeth and/or the replacement of missing teeth.
Pulp: the live tissue within the tooth.
Pulp capping: the use of medicine on a decayed part of a tooth to protect the pulp and
help healing.
Pulpotomy: partial or complete removal of damaged dental pulp to relieve pain. A root canal is usually recommended to save the tooth.
Quadrant: one-fourth of the mouth.
Reline: to add new material on the underside of a denture to improve the fit and chewing
ability.
Resin filling: a tooth-colored plastic material used instead of alloys for a less noticeable, more natural appearance.
Root canal: a treatment used on a tooth with damaged pulp to stop infection and save the tooth. The pulp is completely removed, the inside of the tooth is sterilized and sealed to prevent infection.
Scaling and root planing: a thorough cleaning of tooth surfaces below the gum line to eliminate inflammation and control disease, usually performed during several visits and under local anesthetic.
Sealant: a plastic coating applied to teeth to prevent decay.
Tartar: mineralized, hardened plaque that cannot be removed by brushing and flossing. Temporomandibular joints: the left and right hinges that connect the jaw with the skull. Tooth surface: one of the five sides of a tooth above the gum line.
changing position and improve chewing ability.
Pediatric Dentistry: a dental specialty limited to treatment of children from birth through adolescence.
Pedicle soft tissue: graft replacement of damaged gum tissue.
Periapical x-ray: close-up of an individual tooth and the surrounding tissue.
Periodontal disease: gum disease.
Periodontics: the prevention and treatment of gum disease.
Periodontitis: a more severe gum disease that can lead to tooth loss in adults.
Plaque: a sticky, nearly clear layer of bacteria on teeth.
Pontic: an artificial tooth used in bridges.
Prophylaxis: a teeth cleaning to remove tartar, plaque and stains.
Prosthodontics: a dental specialty limited to the restoration to the natural teeth and/or the replacement of missing teeth.
Pulp: the live tissue within the tooth.
Pulp capping: the use of medicine on a decayed part of a tooth to protect the pulp and
help healing.
Pulpotomy: partial or complete removal of damaged dental pulp to relieve pain. A root canal is usually recommended to save the tooth.
Quadrant: one-fourth of the mouth.
Reline: to add new material on the underside of a denture to improve the fit and chewing
ability.
Resin filling: a tooth-colored plastic material used instead of alloys for a less noticeable, more natural appearance.
Root canal: a treatment used on a tooth with damaged pulp to stop infection and save the tooth. The pulp is completely removed, the inside of the tooth is sterilized and sealed to prevent infection.
Scaling and root planing: a thorough cleaning of tooth surfaces below the gum line to eliminate inflammation and control disease, usually performed during several visits and under local anesthetic.
Sealant: a plastic coating applied to teeth to prevent decay.
Tartar: mineralized, hardened plaque that cannot be removed by brushing and flossing. Temporomandibular joints: the left and right hinges that connect the jaw with the skull. Tooth surface: one of the five sides of a tooth above the gum line.
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